Chapter 11 highlights the importance of organization in body paragraphs. When outlining speeches, body paragraphs should be separated by major claims and main ideas. It is important that the main points are limited in order to keep the audience’s attention during the entire speech. A big takeaway for me was that the primacy and recency effect (remembering the information at the beginning or end of the speech, not so much the middle information) play a large role in what the audience retains for information. To support main ideas, it is important to back up your points with examples, narratives, testimony, facts, and statistics. These supporting facts are most efficient when they are organized clearly and logically. And all main points should be equally balanced with emphasis; do not put a lot of information and facts about one point and then leave another point with only two supporting ideas. 
Chapter 12 describes the various organizational patterns used when outlining a speech. The main types of organization are: chronological, spatial, causal, topical, narrative, and problem-solution. Chronological patterns are used when describing a pattern of events in sequential order. Spatial patterns are used when describing a “tour” of a place; for example, describing what the process is when getting off an airplane in another country. A causal pattern is used when presenting a cause and effect. Multiple causes for a single effect or multiple effects for a single cause are organized differently. Problem-solution patterns are used mostly in persuasive speeches by presenting a problem and then a solution. Topical patterns are categorized by topics or categories of different information. Narrative patterns are used when a speech consists of stories with characters, settings, conflicts, and resolutions. 
I think both of these chapters are really important to learn if someone didn’t have any prior knowledge of how to organize speeches or essays. I really like how in chapter 11 the romal numeral outline was shown for an easy way to organize a speech. Also, the different types of transitions were helpful– instead of using transition words I learned it is better to use transition sentences.